Are PCOS and PCOD same? Know the difference, symptoms, and treatment options

Are PCOS and PCOD the same? Women experience many changes throughout their lives. This may be due to fluctuations at hormonal levels, the formation of cysts, a decrease in ovarian reserve or a decrease in fertility with age. Indeed, they face many health problems with their ovaries, and the most common of these conditions is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) or polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD). People usually confuse these two situations. However, PCOD is an old term for PCOS.

In 1935, Stein and Leventhal first described polycystic ovaries as a common cause of irregular menstrual cycles in women looking for fertility treatment. This is initially called polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD). However, it was found that a larger group of women had symptoms of excess of excess such as hirsutism, acne and oily skin. Many women had insulin resistance, high blood insulin levels and high cholesterol levels. Since this contains multiple systems, it was called polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive women. According to industrial experts, the prevalence of PCOS is about 4-18% worldwide. In fact, South Asian women are more affected. The widespread in India is about 3.7-22.5%.

The exact cause of PCOS is uncertain, but the evidence of genetic factors increases. A hormone released by the pituitary gland is associated with high LH levels that stimulate the production of extreme androgens (Male hormones), which plays an important role in menstrual and fertility.

PCOS is not just a hormonal disorder. It is also associated with metabolic (insulin resistance), cardiovascular, skin and psychological conditions. They may have long -term effects on a woman’s overall health. PCOS contributes significantly to infertility in severe cases. In fact, 92-95% of women visiting fertility clinics have this situation. It is a common belief that PCOS is more common in obese women than lean. However, it can affect 5% of lean women.

PCOS’s clinical symptoms vary in addition to biochemical disorders. Common symptoms irregular menstrual cycles, anovulation (ovaries cannot release an egg), weight gain (overweight or obesity), hyperandrogen (acne, hirsutism or excessive face and body dump, alopecia or hair loss, acantose nigra or skin folds due to dark resistance due to insulation resistance. Dyslipidemia or high cholesterol levels are clinical symptoms.

PCOS is diagnosed according to clinical symptoms, ultrasound findings and hormonal levels. Ultrasound is standard for the diagnosis of PCOS. The ultrasound examination of the ovaries reveals multiple small cysts (water-filled gaps) that measures 2-10 mm on the edge of the ovary. This is called polycystic ovarian syndrome. In fact, these are not cysts, but immature follicles or eggs in the ovaries.

However, any clinical symptoms may occur on ultrasound on ultrasound without any clinical symptoms, biochemical markers or metabolic syndrome symptoms. These women may not have symptoms and may be completely normal.

What are PCOS Symptoms?

• Acne or oily skin
• Missing or irregular periods
• Enlarged ovaries
• Weight gain
• Excess body hair
• Male pattern baldness
• Thinning Hair
• Infertility

PCOS and PCOD management

PCOS management depends on clinical symptoms, severity of syndrome and fertility expectations and desires of women. There is no “one -body treatment for PCOS.

Adopting a healthy lifestyle

A nutritious diet, good physical activity and lifestyle changes, including at least 10% weight loss (for overweight and obese women) are common recommendations for all PCOS women.

Regulation of the menstrual cycle

Menstrual regulation can be obtained with hormonal drugs, whether menstrual regulation, progesterone or estrogen and progesterone combination in women with irregular menstrual cycles. Combination. Sometimes women can also obtain regular menstrual cycles by losing weight.

Infertility

On the other hand, infertility management requires a comprehensive assessment of women. Depending on the severity of infertility and other associated conditions, women may require ovulation induction (drugs to stimulate egg development and promote release), ovarian drilling or a surgical procedure called IVF. Inositol, melatonin, arginine, leucine, and co-enzyme Q can also be tried.

Managing insulin levels

Insulin resistance can be treated with metformin, a particularly insulin -sensitive drug. Metformin can also be used as an auxiliary drug in the treatment of infertility. Pregnancy can also prevent diabetes mellitus (GDM).

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