What is cold water shock – and how can I stay safe? Everything you need to know
The UKHSA has issued a series of heat health alerts for parts of England, warning that “water-related incidents, including risks of cold water shock and drowning, may increase”.
A yellow heat health alert will be in force for the East Midlands, East of England, London and the South East from 9am on 29 July until 9am on 30 July.
Meanwhile, a yellow temperature health alert will also apply in the West Midlands, South West and Yorkshire and the Humber during the same period.
This follows the deaths of three people stranded at sea on Sunday; two at Fistral Beach in Newquay and one at West Wittering in Sussex.
Here’s how to spot cold water shock and what you can do to stay safe.
What is cold water shock?
Cold water shock is the body’s natural physical response to sudden immersion in cold water.
The National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC) said the response was instantaneous and could lead to drowning.
The NFCC added that anyone suddenly entering cold water is at risk and could accidentally fall or jump into the water.
Cold water shock can affect anyone, regardless of swimming ability.
What happens when you experience cold water shock?
This causes shortness of breath, panic and loss of swimming ability, all of which can lead to drowning, the National Water Safety Forum (NWSF) said.
It also causes a sudden increase in heart rate and blood pressure, which can result in a heart attack even if the person is fit and healthy.
How cold is the water in the UK?
Many inland water temperatures remain at or below 16C even in summer.
This temperature is considered dangerous for cold water shock, according to the NWSF.
The RNLI said even on a hot day the water could be cold.
According to the RNLI, the average sea temperature in the UK and Ireland is 12C, with rivers such as the Thames being colder.
NWSF president Professor Mike Tipton said it could take weeks for the water to warm up, depending on its location, depth, mixing and flow.
He added that seawater around the United Kingdom, for example, does not reach its warmest point until late August or early September.
What can people do to stay safe?
Phone Float Throw is a new water safety campaign from NWSF and Respect The Water.
Provides instructions to bystanders who witness someone struggling in the water on how to help without putting themselves in danger: Call 999 for help; Tell the person to remain calm and float on their back; Throw in rescue equipment to help them stay above water until emergency services arrive.
